Kev tsim cov yas tuaj yeem taug qab rov qab mus rau nruab nrab xyoo 19th. Lub sijhawm ntawd, txhawm rau kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev lag luam textile hauv UK, cov kws tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw cov tshuaj sib txawv ua ke, vam tias yuav ua cov tshuaj dawb thiab zas xim. Cov kws tshuaj lom neeg nyiam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov thee tar, uas yog cov khib nyiab zoo li curd condensed hauv cov pa roj av hauv Hoobkas.

William Henry Platinum, tus pab cuam hauv chav kuaj mob ntawm Royal Institute of Chemistry hauv London, yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg uas tau ua qhov kev sim no. Muaj ib hnub, thaum platinum tab tom so cov tshuaj reagents uas nchuav rau ntawm lub rooj zaum hauv chav kuaj mob, lawv pom tias daim ntaub ntawd tau pleev xim rau hauv xim lavender uas tsis tshua pom thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Qhov kev tshawb pom tsis tau xav txog no ua rau platinum nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam zas xim thiab thaum kawg los ua tus neeg nplua nuj.
Txawm hais tias qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm platinum tsis yog yas, qhov kev tshawb pom tsis tau xav txog no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev vim nws qhia tau tias cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua los ntawm tib neeg tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev tswj cov khoom siv organic ntuj. Cov chaw tsim khoom tau pom tias ntau yam khoom siv ntuj xws li ntoo, amber, roj hmab, thiab iav yog qhov tsawg dhau lossis kim dhau lossis tsis haum rau kev tsim khoom loj vim tias lawv kim dhau lossis tsis yoog tau txaus. Cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog qhov hloov pauv zoo tagnrho. Nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov duab hauv qab cua sov thiab siab, thiab nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tswj cov duab tom qab txias.
Colin Williamson, tus tsim lub koom haum London Society for the History of Plastics, hais tias: "Lub sijhawm ntawd, tib neeg tau ntsib kev nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev pheej yig thiab yooj yim hloov pauv."
Tom qab platinum, lwm tus neeg Askiv, Alexander Parks, sib xyaw chloroform nrog roj castor kom tau ib yam khoom tawv li cov pob ntseg tsiaj. Qhov no yog thawj cov yas cuav. Parks vam tias yuav siv cov yas ua los ntawm tib neeg no los hloov cov roj hmab uas tsis tuaj yeem siv dav vim yog cov nqi cog qoob loo, sau qoob loo, thiab ua cov khoom.
Tus neeg New Yorker John Wesley Hyatt, uas yog ib tug kws ntaus hlau, tau sim ua cov pob billiard nrog cov khoom siv dag siv es tsis yog cov pob billiard ua los ntawm cov kaus ntxhw. Txawm hais tias nws tsis tau daws qhov teeb meem no, nws pom tias los ntawm kev sib xyaw camphor nrog qee qhov tshuaj yaj, cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv tom qab cua sov tuaj yeem tau txais. Hyatt hu cov khoom no ua celluloid. Hom yas tshiab no muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim ntau los ntawm cov tshuab thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev txawj ntse. Nws coj mus rau kev lag luam zaj duab xis cov khoom siv pob tshab thiab muaj zog uas tuaj yeem tso duab rau ntawm phab ntsa.
Cov celluloid kuj tau txhawb nqa kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam suab paj nruag hauv tsev, thiab thaum kawg tau hloov cov ntaub ntawv cylindrical thaum ntxov. Cov yas tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv vinyl thiab cov kab xev cassette; thaum kawg, polycarbonate yog siv los ua cov compact discs.
Celluloid ua rau kev thaij duab ua ib qho kev ua ub ua no nrog kev lag luam dav dav. Ua ntej George Eastman tsim celluloid, kev thaij duab yog ib qho kev nyiam ua si kim thiab nyuaj vim tias tus kws thaij duab yuav tsum tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab nws tus kheej. Eastman tau los nrog lub tswv yim tshiab: tus neeg siv khoom xa cov yeeb yaj kiab tiav mus rau lub khw uas nws qhib, thiab nws tau tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab rau tus neeg siv khoom. Celluloid yog thawj cov khoom pob tshab uas tuaj yeem ua rau hauv daim ntawv nyias thiab tuaj yeem dov mus rau hauv lub koob yees duab.
Thaum lub sijhawm no, Eastman tau ntsib ib tug tub hluas Belgian tsiv teb tsaws chaw, Leo Beckeland. Baekeland tau tshawb pom ib hom ntawv luam ntawv uas rhiab heev rau lub teeb. Eastman yuav Beckland qhov kev tsim kho tshiab rau 750,000 Asmeskas las (sib npaug rau 2.5 lab Asmeskas las tam sim no). Nrog cov nyiaj txiag, Baekeland tau tsim ib lub chaw kuaj mob. Thiab xyoo 1907 tau tsim cov yas phenolic.
Cov khoom siv tshiab no tau ua tiav zoo heev. Cov khoom ua los ntawm cov yas phenolic suav nrog xov tooj, cov xov hlau rwb thaiv tsev, cov nyees khawm, cov kiv cua dav hlau, thiab cov pob billiard zoo heev.
Lub Tuam Txhab Parker Pen ua ntau yam cwj mem los ntawm cov yas phenolic. Txhawm rau ua pov thawj qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov yas phenolic, lub tuam txhab tau ua qhov kev qhia rau pej xeem thiab muab cov cwj mem tso rau ntawm cov tsev siab. "Time" magazine tau mob siab rau ib tsab xov xwm los qhia txog tus neeg tsim cov yas phenolic thiab cov khoom siv no uas tuaj yeem "siv tau ntau txhiab zaus".
Ob peb xyoos tom qab, DuPont lub chaw kuaj mob kuj tau ua lwm qhov kev tshawb pom tsis tau xav txog: nws tau ua nylon, ib yam khoom hu ua cov ntaub txhob lo lo ntxhuav cuav. Xyoo 1930, Wallace Carothers, ib tug kws tshawb fawb ua haujlwm hauv DuPont lub chaw kuaj mob, tau muab ib lub pas iav kub tso rau hauv ib qho tshuaj lom neeg ntev thiab tau txais cov khoom siv elastic heev. Txawm hais tias cov khaub ncaws ua los ntawm nylon thaum ntxov yaj hauv qab qhov kub siab ntawm cov hlau, nws tus tsim Carothers txuas ntxiv ua kev tshawb fawb. Kwv yees li yim xyoo tom qab, DuPont tau qhia txog nylon.
Nylon tau siv dav hauv thaj teb, cov kaus mom thiab cov hlua khau yog ua los ntawm nylon. Tab sis cov poj niam yog cov neeg siv nylon zoo siab. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 15, 1940, cov poj niam Asmeskas tau muag tawm 5 lab khub nylon thom khwm uas DuPont tsim tawm. Cov thom khwm nylon tsis muaj ntau, thiab qee tus neeg ua lag luam tau pib ua txuj ua nylon thom khwm.
Tiam sis zaj dab neeg ua tiav ntawm nylon muaj qhov xaus tu siab: nws tus tsim, Carothers, tau tua tus kheej los ntawm kev noj cyanide. Steven Finnichell, tus sau ntawm phau ntawv "Plastic", hais tias: "Kuv tau txais qhov kev xav tom qab nyeem Carothers phau ntawv sau: Carothers hais tias cov ntaub ntawv uas nws tsim tau siv los tsim cov khaub ncaws poj niam. Cov thom khwm ua rau kuv chim siab heev. Nws yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb, uas ua rau nws xav tias tsis muaj zog." Nws xav tias tib neeg yuav xav tias nws qhov kev ua tiav tseem ceeb yog tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li kev tsim "khoom lag luam ib txwm muaj."
Thaum DuPont xav tsis thoob los ntawm nws cov khoom uas tau txais kev hlub los ntawm cov neeg. Cov neeg Askiv tau tshawb pom ntau yam kev siv yas hauv kev ua tub rog thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau ua los ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj ntawm Royal Chemical Industry Corporation ntawm United Kingdom tau ua qhov kev sim uas tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qhov no, thiab pom tias muaj cov khoom siv dawb waxy nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub raj kuaj. Tom qab kev sim hauv chav kuaj, nws tau pom tias cov khoom no yog cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev zoo heev. Nws cov yam ntxwv txawv ntawm iav, thiab cov nthwv dej radar tuaj yeem hla dhau nws. Cov kws tshawb fawb hu ua polyethylene, thiab siv nws los tsim lub tsev rau cov chaw nres tsheb radar kom ntes cua thiab nag, yog li ntawd lub radar tseem tuaj yeem ntes cov dav hlau yeeb ncuab hauv qab nag thiab pos huab.
Williamson ntawm Lub Koom Haum rau Keeb Kwm ntawm Yas tau hais tias: "Muaj ob yam tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj kev tsim cov yas. Ib qho yog lub siab xav khwv tau nyiaj, thiab lwm qhov yog kev ua tsov rog." Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog xyoo caum tom qab uas ua rau yas yog Finney tiag tiag. Chell hu nws ua lub cim ntawm "xyoo pua ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws." Xyoo 1950, cov thawv ntim khoom noj ua los ntawm yas, cov hwj, cov thawv xab npum thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev tau tshwm sim; xyoo 1960, cov rooj zaum inflatable tau tshwm sim. Xyoo 1970, cov neeg tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tau taw qhia tias cov yas tsis tuaj yeem lwj lawv tus kheej. Tib neeg txoj kev txaus siab rau cov khoom yas tau poob qis.
Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1980 thiab 1990, vim muaj kev thov ntau heev rau cov yas hauv kev lag luam tsim tsheb thiab khoos phis tawj, cov yas tau ua rau lawv txoj haujlwm ruaj khov dua. Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis lees paub qhov teeb meem no. Tsib caug xyoo dhau los, lub ntiaj teb tsuas yog tsim tau kaum tawm txhiab tons yas txhua xyoo; niaj hnub no, kev tsim cov yas txhua xyoo hauv ntiaj teb tshaj 100 lab tons. Kev tsim cov yas txhua xyoo hauv Tebchaws Meskas tshaj qhov kev tsim cov hlau, txhuas thiab tooj liab ua ke.
Cov yas tshiabnrog rau qhov tshiab tseem raug tshawb pom. Williamson ntawm Lub Koom Haum rau Keeb Kwm ntawm Plastics tau hais tias: "Cov neeg tsim qauv thiab cov neeg tsim khoom yuav siv cov yas hauv xyoo pua tom ntej. Tsis muaj cov khoom siv hauv tsev neeg zoo li yas uas tso cai rau cov neeg tsim qauv thiab cov neeg tsim khoom ua tiav lawv cov khoom ntawm tus nqi qis heev. tsim.