Tau ntau txhiab xyoo, tib neeg tsuas tuaj yeem siv cov khoom plig ntawm xwm: hlau, ntoo, roj hmab, cob ... Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab yug lub rooj ntaus pob tesniv, tib neeg dheev pom tias nrog lub zog ntawm polymer chemistry, peb tuaj yeem sib sau cov pa roj carbon atoms ntawm lub siab nyiam. hydrogen atoms, tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tsis tau pom dua hauv ntiaj teb.
Lub tshuab hluavtaws nitrocellulose rau kev ua celluloid yog ib kauj ruam hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuab yas los ntawm 0 mus rau 1, thiab hauv kev pom niaj hnub no, qhov no tsuas yog ib kauj ruam me me hauv lub peb hlis ntuj ntev.Hyatt tau ua "kev hloov kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv" ntawm paj rwb fibers yaj hauv nitric acid, kom cov macromolecular celluloses tau tawg thiab rov tsim dua tshiab, thiab cov nroj tsuag zoo tib yam tau rov qab los.yug dua tshiab.Txawm li cas los xij, cellulose nws tus kheej yog ib qho polymer, thiab celluloid tsuas yog restructure cellulose, thiab tsis tsim cellulose ntawm qib molecular.Thaum peb kawm los tswj cov molecules, peb yuav tau txais dab tsi ntawm cov khoom siv khawv koob?

Peb tsis tas yuav tos ntev heev.Tsuas yog 4 xyoos tom qab Hyatt tau ntsib nrog celluloid, German kws tshaj lij kws kho mob Adolf von Baeyer siv formaldehyde thiab phenol los ua cov yas tshiab: phenolic resin.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov kev qhuab qhia tshiab ntawm chemistry tau qhib: polymerization.Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm cov organic chemistry, polymerization yog ib yam ntawm cov khawv koob dub uas hloov lub pob zeb rau hauv kub.Nws intertwines formaldehyde molecules thiab phenol molecules rau hauv lub vas loj loj, thiab thaum kawg yug tau ib tug txiv neej loj uas tsis tuaj yeem paub txog nws txiv formaldehyde thiab nws niam phenol.henolic resin.

Hauv kev lag luam, phenolic resin yas hu ua "bakelite" vim nws yog insulating, anti-static, thiab kub resistant.Nws yog ib qho khoom siv zoo heev rau kev ua hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob, yog li koj tuaj yeem qhib lub teeb txhua hnub yam tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog hluav taws xob poob siab.Los ntawm cov crystal ntshiab tsos, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau pom qhov amazingness ntawm cov khoom no: txhua daim ntawm bakelite yog ib tug loj molecule, ib tug molecule uas loj txaus tuav nyob rau hauv xib-teg ntawm koj txhais tes!
Nyob rau hauv peb lub tswv yim, lub molecule zoo li yog ib yam me me heev txij li thaum ancient sij hawm.Ib tug nco dej muaj txog 1.67 × 10 21 dej molecules.Cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm phenolic resin, formaldehyde thiab phenol, yog cov khoom me me thiab tsis zoo, nrog qhov hnyav molecular ntawm 30 thiab 94, raws li, tab sis yog tias koj xav nug qhov hnyav molecular ntawm phenolic resin, koj yuav tau kos nees nkaum lossis peb caug xoom tom qab. 1.

Pom zoo dua qhov pom.Yog tias koj xav paub txog lub zog txaus ntshai ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization, koj tuaj yeem siv sijhawm 10 vib nas this saib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization tawg tom qab cua sov p-nitroaniline thiab concentrated sulfuric acid.Cov tshuaj me me ib nrab tais hauv daim duab ntawm sab laug maj mam nthuav dav thiab haus luam yeeb tom qab cua sov, thiab cov p-nitroaniline molecules cross-links thiab polymerize ntawm qhov kev loj hlob exponential.Thaum kawg, lub roob hluav taws tawg hauv tsawg dua 1 vib nas this, thiab tsob ntoo majestic hlob tawm ntawm qhov tsis pom.Optimus Prime.Txawm hais tias tus ncej ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj no zoo li muaj zog, nws tsuas yog ib qho nkig thiab ntxeem tau daim txhuam cev tsim los ntawm p-nitroaniline sulfonate, thiab nws yuav yog tshauv nrog me ntsis nyem.

Ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization, tsuas yog ob peb lub xyoo dhau los, coob tus paub zoo "poly" plastics tau tshwm sim hauv kev lag luam tshuaj: polyamide, polyurethane, polyethylene, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, Polyester ......
Dab tsi?Koj hais tias koj tsis paub cov npe txawv?Yog lawm, kuv mam txhais rau koj.
Polyamide (tseem hu ua Nylon): Tsim los ntawm DuPont hauv xyoo 1930, lub ntiaj teb thawj cov hluavtaws fiber ntau, nws tsis tau dhau los ntawm cov neeg sib tw rau ze li 100 xyoo.

Polyethylene: Cov yas siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv lub neej txhua hnub.

Polystyrene (tseem hu ua Poly Dragon): ib qho yuav tsum muaj rau cov neeg nqa khoom thiab xa khoom

Polypropylene: kub-tiv taus txog li 140 ° C, thiab tsis hnov ​​​​mob nrog cov kua qaub, alkalis, thiab ntsev, thiab yog thawj qhov kev xaiv rau lub thawv noj su hauv microwave.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (tseem hu ua Teflon): Lub npe hu ua "King of Plastics", nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib txwm nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm -180 ~ 250 ℃, thiab yuav luag insoluble nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kuab tshuaj, txawm nyob rau hauv boiled aqua regia.Tsuas yog siv cov txheej nyias nyias mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub lauj kaub kom hloov mus rau hauv lub lauj kaub siab uas tsis yog-stick

Polyester fiber (polyester): tag nrho ntawm elasticity, wrinkle-resistant, tsis-hlau, mildew-resistant, yuav luag tag nrho cov khaub ncaws yuav ntawm ib tug khoom muaj nqis muaj nws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sportswear.

Polyurethane: Honoured los ntawm Bayer xyoo 1937, nws muaj lub zog siab thiab tsis tshua muaj thermal conductivity, thiab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev.Tab sis koj yuav paub ntau dua nrog 0.01 mm phau ntawv hauv koj lub neej txhua hnub.

Yog tias kuv tau hais rau koj tias txhua tus neeg noj zaub mov, khaub ncaws, tsev nyob thiab kev thauj mus los tsis tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm cov yas, tej zaum ntau tus neeg yuav saib kuv nrog kev qhia zoo kawg.Yog, nws ntau dhau, pom ntau dhau, ntau dhau los tsis nco qab, peb nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yas txhua hnub.Peb ua noj hauv cov lauj kaub yas, noj hauv lub thawv yas, haus dej los ntawm lub raj mis yas, ntxuav hauv cov tais yas, da dej hauv cov dab da dej yas, hnav cov khaub ncaws fiber ntau tawm mus, tsav tsheb 50% yas mus ua haujlwm, qhib lub hnab yas, ntaus ntawv no ntawm cov keyboard yas - thiab koj nyeem nws poking ntawm koj lub xov tooj yas.
Txog tam sim no, ntau txhiab tus plastics tau tsim nyob thoob ntiaj teb.Cov lej raug suav tsis tau, thiab tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias ntau ntau lossis ntau pua cov yas tshiab tawm txhua xyoo, thiab txhua feeb thiab txhua ob, R & D cov neeg ua haujlwm txhim kho cov qauv thiab tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm cov yas hauv chav kuaj.Txij li thaum thawj cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov yas celluloid, peb tau ua 7 billion tons ntawm cov yas, thiab yog tias nws tau ua rau txoj hlua, nws tuaj yeem qhwv lub ntiaj teb thoob ntiaj teb-ntau?Peb tam sim no tsim 1 billion tons ntawm yas txhua 3 xyoos.Rau 140-xyoo-laus yas chemical kev lag luam, nws tsuas yog qhov pib.
Thaum tib neeg ploj mus, alien archaeologists yuav pom cov cim ntawm peb lub neej nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv geological - yas pob zeb formations.Yas sib koom ua ke nrog pob zeb, pob zeb, thiab plhaub, thiab tso rau hauv hiav txwv kom ua lub cim xeeb nyob mus ib txhis ntawm lub ntiaj teb.Ib yam li calcium carbonate deposits cim lub Cretaceous thiab dinosaur fossils cim lub Jurassic, lub pob zeb yas no cim lub hnub nyoog tshiab geological: lub Anthropocene.Optimists ntseeg hais tias kev ua yas yog ib qho kev vam meej zoo li cov ntoo drilling los ua hluav taws thiab polishing cov cuab yeej pob zeb.Nws sawv cev tias tib neeg thaum kawg nkag siab txog qhov xwm txheej thiab muaj peev xwm ua txhaum los ntawm cov shackles ntawm xwm thiab tsim lub ntiaj teb tshiab uas tsis tau pom dua;thaum lwm tus, ntxub nws.Hu nws "dawb ntshai", "kev tsim ntawm kev tuag" thiab "kev npau suav phem ntawm tib neeg lub xyoo pua 21st".
Lub tshuab ua kom zoo li lub pob ping pong

Peb lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb hauv customizingcov khoom yas, peb tau ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom yas rau 23 xyoo, thiab peb cov kev paub dhau los txaus